With the death of Aurangazeb in 1707, the Mughal
empire lost its vigor and vitality. He seized to be an imperial
power in India. Aurangazeb's descendants were weak and fun-loving.
During the reign of Shah Muhammad, two major changes have
been observed. One, the declaration of an independent state
by vassal states of Bengal, Hyderabad, Awadh and Rohilkhand.
Secondly, the attack on Nadir Shah over Delhi, and looting
the Treasury Mughal, which included the Koh-i noor diamond
and the famous Peacock Throne Shahjehan. The last ruler of
the Mughal dynasty Bahadur Shah was Jaffer, who was captured
by the British and sent away in Rangoon, where he died in
1862.
Maratha state drew attention under Shivaji, which has troubled
Mughal armies in the Deccan and Western India. Shivaji proclaimed
himself to be the protector of Dharma, and the defender of
the Hindu faith. Shivaji has been controlled by the great
Mughal Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji forced to sign the treaty with
the Mughals. Later Shivaji continued its shipments to the
extent South, and coronated himself in 1674. Shivaji is regarded
as a national hero, and the defender of Hindu religious beliefs
and practices. Shivaji's was followed by his grandson Shahu,
who lived in the protection of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath. After
Shivaji, Maratha state was unified under successive Peshwas.
Balaji Vishwanath was followed by I Baji Rao who occupied
Malwa, Gujarat and Bundelkhand. Balaji Rao Peshwa Baji that
followed Baji Rao I extended Maratha supremacy in northern
India, taking arm Maratha Punjab, and ultimately clashing
with Ahmed Shah Abdali. In IIIed battle of Panipat, Abdali
halt Marathan dream to have a grip on the North Indian Affairs.
British expansion in India
British came to India as well as other Europeans
as traders, but taking undue advantage of the frequency of
wars and conflicts between states of India, has taken calculative
steps to realize their dreams of empire building. Initially,
they had to fight rival European traders who also dreamed
of building empires in India. In the Anglo-French wars, the
French have been stripped of their power over the states,
and dislocated from their colonies. The French have been driven
to the subordination, and made to live under the protection
of British in India.
British maintenant confrontés les trois Etats puissants
du Bengale, Maratha et Mysore, de la subordination qui impliquait
un contrôle complet de l'Inde. Au Bengale, les Britanniques
débuté par le commerce et le spectacle de détournement
de la dastaks ou de permis qui leur est donné par Mughal
dirigeant Farrukhsiyar. Au cours du conflit qui a abouti à
la bataille de Plassey, la défaite britannique Siraj
- oud - daula la décision nawab du Bengale. Jaffar Mir
Kasim et, plus tard, Mir a été placé sur
le trône du Bengale. Mir Kasim voulu évincer les
Britanniques de Bengale, alors il alliée avec Shuja -
oud - daula de Lucknow et Shah Alam, le fugitif Mughal roi.
Mais ces forces combinées ont été vaincus
par les Britanniques à la bataille de Buxar de 1764.
Robert Clive, who led the British forces to victory in the Battle
of Buxar, Shah Alam forced to sign an agreement, according to
which the British revenue collection for the rights of Bihar
and Bengal. Thus the British have control over the richest provinces
of India which has contributed in a major way to their expansion
in India, and the early realization of the dream of an empire
in India. Clive Warren Hastings continued its policy of expansion
by engaging Mysore and Marathas in a war which ended in the
success of the British. |
