Ionian School
The greatest thinkers of the lonian phase of Greek science
were Thales. Anaximander and Anaximens. The school founded
by Thales is called Ionian school. Thales (640-550 BC) asked
the question "What is the basic substance of which the
universe is made?" His answer is "water" He
is the founder of natural philosophy, as to his questions,
he gave a naturalist in response. His attitude naturalist
has been maintained by his successor, Anaximander (610-547
BC) who gave a different answer to questions from Thales.
He said it was "business", which the universe was
made. Another successor to Thales, Anaximens considered 'air'
as the main substances and Heraclitus' fire 'Thus, the Ionian
school of philosophy could be said to have opened the natural
philosophy.
Pythagorean School
At against school Ionian arises another school. His
name is founded by the school of Pythagoras Pythagoras (582-500
BC). Pythagoras and his disciples are not so concerned with
the main substance as with the contributions of things in
nature. Their number and extent. In other words, their attitude
towards nature is mathematics. Of late, they have resorted
to mysticism, the Pythagoreans contributed significantly.
They are important because they emphasized the need to interpret
nature in mathematical terms.
Eleatic School
Where Greeks were almost as Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations,
which excels in scientific and technological achievements. The
Greeks did not have right now as much as secondary civilizations
such as Crete and Anatolia. The Greeks did not appear in the
civilization of the Bronze Age, in the first look. They were
peasant communities. But they came into contact with Egypt and
Babylon. They borrowed the second scientific and technological
tradition tried to develop a new framework of thinking. Their
social and political situation was liberal enough to allow freedom
of thought. Their society unlike that of Europe or of Babylon
was not characterized by the dominance of a powerful class of
priests acting as a custodian of an Orthodox way of thinking.
The Greeks were highly successful through their state favorable
to the advent of a new revolution in the thinking that gave
rise to natural philosophy in the west.
School of Natural Philosophers
Later, another school was born, a school for young
natural philosophers who tried to synthesize lessons from two
lonian and Eleatic philosophers. They were in search of a principle
that has not changed, but is liable to change. Anaxagoras (500-428
BC) cameout with a new mujahideen. According to this view is
the main topic merits. It is immutable and yet it makes changes,
because it is made of atoms. Thus, he was the first to the west
and to propose an atomic theory, which has been improved by
his supporters. Empedocles (492-432 BC) and Democritus (460-370
BC) For Anaxagoras atoms are infinite in nature, while Empedocles
atoms do not differ in quality, but only in the configuration,
position and arrangement. The motions of atoms are caused by
forces inherent in atoms themselves, and not because of a mysterious
force foreign forces.
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