All astronomers faced these difficult times. They
could not account irregularities in the motion of planets.
They found that all celestial bodies move with the earth only
uniform circular motion, the only kind of movement worthy
of celestial bodies. But the planets do not move in this way.
Plato then asked Eudoxes to develop a model to explain these
movements and conduct a taste brilliantly. He suggested that
all the rotations of the appearance of product defects, but
in itself, the planets do not move erratically. Eudoxes need
a total of 26 areas to develop his theory. Later, Aristotle
has increased the number of 55 to overcome certain difficulties
and more model Eudoxes could not explain many facts. But these
shortcomings are regarded as minor. These models, with changes
were followed until it was given, thanks to the investigation
of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton.
The last of the ancient Greeks, astronomers were Hipperchus
and Aristarchus. Hipparchus tried to improve the model Eudoxes
but it is even more complicated. He invented a variety of
astronomical instruments, which came to be used for centuries.
He also established a catalog of stars for the first time.
Aristarchus (310-230 BC) boldly advanced a theory centered
helio. But his theory was not taken seriously even though
he was a prominent astronomer. The idea of the earth moving
around the sun is unthinkable in these.
Mathematics
The Greek thinkers very valuable contributions to mathematics.
They learned a lot of mathematical truths by the Egyptians.
But not in the collection of mathematical truths and solving
mathematical problems. But undertook the construction of the
most elegant and abstract mathematical structures. The biggest
contribution of the Greek mathematicians is the idea of a mathematical
proof.
Pythagoras and his followers really mastered the "number
theory" and created the science of geometry. They are perfectly
able to obtain the deepest insights into the geometric properties
of the plane and solid figures. They are the founders of the
proportions theory and the theory of musical intervals. It is
interesting to note that, while seeking in number, they seem
to have been surprised to discover irrational numbers like the
square root of 2. It is the discovery of irrational numbers
that led Greek mathematicians outside number to the geometry
in which their greatest contribution to science could be seen.
In this context, the most crucial was the role played by Hippocrates
(450 BC) whose work on Euclid built his classic "The Elements".
Eudoxes advanced his work on "The method of successive
approximation" for measuring lines and areas. The method
of Eudoxes was subsequently improved by Archimedes, which, in
turn, and over time became the basis for the infinitesimal calculus.
Archimedes improvement in the valuation (pi) from five locations.
Appolonius (220 BC) studied an ellipse, parable and hyperbola.
The results of his study are so satistactory than two thousand
years later, they were used by kepler and Newton in their study
of the movement of planets. But the most successful Greek mathematics
must be credited to Euclid
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