Great Himalaya origin of rivers across India, the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, which flow into the Bay of Bengal. Important tributaries of the Ganges and Yamuna Kosi, including very low gradient causes of flooding each year. The main rivers, including the Peninsula slope to prevent floodwaters Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Kaveri and Krishna, which flow into the Bay of Bengal and the Narmada and Tapta, which flow into the sea Arabia. Among the characteristics of India are the coastal swamps Rann of Kutch in western India, and the alluvial Sundarbans delta, which starts in India with Bangladesh. India has two archipelagos: the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off India's south-west of the coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain of the Andaman Sea.

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar desert, both driving the monsoon. Prevent the cold of the Himalayas in Central Asia in katabatic winds, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at the same latitude. The Thar desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture was responsible for the south-west monsoon winds between June and October, the majority of rainfall in India. Four major groups dominate the climate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid and mountainous areas.

The  flora and fauna

     The Indian peacock east India National Bird.

India, which is located within the Indo ecozone, displays biological diversity. A Megadiverse eighteen countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammals, 12.6% of all birds, 6.2% of all reptiles, 4.4% of all amphibians, 11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all species of flowering plants. Many ecoregions, such as Shola forests have extremely high rates of endemism; Overall, 33% of Indians are endemic plants. The forest cover of India stretching from the rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats and North-East India to the coniferous forest of the Himalayas. Between these two extremes lie the sal-dominated rain forest of eastern India, dominated by dry forest teak hardwood central and southern India and Babul dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and the west of the Ganges plain. Important Indian trees include the medicinal neem, widely used in rural Indian herbal remedies. The fig-Pipal, the seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded Gautama Buddha as he sought enlightenment.


 

Many Indians are descendants of taxa of species originating in Gondwana, India origin. The peninsula of India to the movement and collision with the mass Laurasian trigger a mass exchange of species. However, volcanism and climate change 20 million years ago caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms. Shortly thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia through two zoogeographical passes on either side of the emergence of the Himalayas. Consequently, among Indian species, only 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are endemic, contrasting with 45.8% of reptiles and amphibians of 55.8%. Among the endemic Nilgiri leaf monkey and brown and carmine Beddome toad of the Western Ghats. India contains 172, or 2.9%, of IUCN threatened species. These include the Asian Lion, the Bengal tiger, India and the white-rumped vulture, which suffered a near extinction of eating carrion of livestock treated with diclofenac.

In recent decades, human encroachment has posed a threat to wildlife in India, in response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1935, has been considerably expanded. In 1972, India has enacted the Law on the protection of fauna and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial habitat, in addition, the law on forest conservation was enacted in 1980. With more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries, India welcomed thirteen biosphere reserves, four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, and twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.