India, officially the Republic of India is a country in South Asia. India is the seventh largest country by geographical  area, India is the second most populous country, india is most populous democracy in the world. Surrounded by the south Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the east, India has a coastline of 7517 km (4671 mi). It borders Pakistan to the west, People's Republic of China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. India is close to Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia in the Indian Ocean.

Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth of much of its long history. Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism home from there, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and form the region of diversity culture. Gradually annexed by the British East India early eighteenth century and colonized by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a fight for independence was marked by a non-violent resistance.

India is a republic composed of 28 states and seven union territories with a parliamentary system of democracy. It has the world for the twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms have transformed in the second largest economy growing, but it still suffers from high levels of poverty, illiteracy and malnutrition. A pluralistic, multilingual and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of habitats protected.